Triangle Sinclair Users Group

Trian gle Sincl sir

VOLUME If

NUMBER S&S

TH

Users

Csr OUP

VERY VERY LATE AUGUST

JUST IN TIME FOR CHRISTMAS

EDITOR:

2068 NOTES:

BILL. ROBERTS

A TUTORIAL ON

MACHINE CODE FROGRAMMING
by DICK SCOVILLE

Part 5

Sometimes it’s useful to be
able to print a Character side-
Ways, that is, to print

this R Like this Ds. is
Here is some code that does it
and following that is a Sketch
Gf & POSSible use.

Let’sS SUPpOSe that the €1igh
byYtES giving the Shape of "R™
appear at memory positions x
X41, X42, 2.2, X47, That is
veing the example, :

at x 28 @@ = B8958e8¢¢8¢e bifttary
at xXx¢+1 is 7C = 81111196
at x42 ig 42 = B1i880010
at x4#3 is 42 = gigaadi0
at x+4 is 70 = 91111199
at x+5 is 44 = gigagisaa
at X4+6 is 42 = 91980010
at xX4+7 is @@ = 2880000900

WE Want eight different butes
at locations Y, Ytl, ..., WHT,
AS usual in 78a assembly code,
LEt’S Let parentheses Stand for
“contents of,” SO, For example,

ix4+]1) = FC.

Ve see that (J) EhOULd be the
binary number made UP Of the
MOSt Significant bits of (X47),
(X46), ..., (X41), (x),
Simitarly, tytid EhGULd be made
UP Of bit V7-i from €ach of (x47)
(x+6) alate (x).

CHAPEL HILL

HUY 54 =

CAMILLE
OREYFUS LAB
AUDITORIUNH

aaa 1

- CORNUALLTS . =
SERNEAEE BM DURHAM->

Bg
VE MEET THE FIRST SUNDAY OF ERCM
NONTH AT THE CAMILLE CREYFUS
RUDITORIUM AT 2:80 PM. PLEASE
JOIN US; YOU RARE NOT UNDER ANY >

Emruneranz
("7
~
pa
o
%
ce
zs

O-MIdAw.

Here bits are counted as
USUal from 8 to F Where bit @
iS the least Significant bit--
the right-most one. Notice alt
the order reversals--please
Check that they are fight.

Altogether, 64 bits have toa

be Changed, and we €xpect two

nested loops of €ight each.
Let’s suppose that When we enter
OUr routine, DE and HL are ale
r€ady x and y, the S0urce and
target addresses, Then the
Cuter Loop could be Something
like this:

LD B,08
f (dO Something using DE but

hot changing DE)
INC DE

DJUNZ ..

=

Remember, DUNZ first decrements
» 8nd jumps CbackwWards in this
Case) Only if Bere. Now in our
Case Bwitt be different From @
exactly €ight times, so by the

CYCLE? For Concreténess, tet’s
SUPPOsSe that DE = x42, 56 DE
Points to the third row of "R",
The essence of our ptan is
to use the "rolt” instructions
Of the Z8e. Ue can roll a byte
Either to the tert or to the

bit that “rolls” off the end is
put in the carry flag, and the
“new” bit at the other end is

the original value of the Carry

pflag. For example, i

byte = 01119001 and Carry = 4

then after a "roti right"
instruction We -WOULd. have

byte = 18111068 and Carry ‘= 1

Or after a “colt tert
2hstruction WE WOUld have

byte = 113188011 and Carry.= @
Weir, after one.of these in-
ructions we rolt a “a 3 Ff Ff €-
ent byte, the net result

st the bit. that was
led off the first byte
€ars in the second byte, via
porary storage in the carry
g
t

eo

e This is exactly what we
d like to do for the bytes
DE and HL.

a
=

Ve need an inner LOOP index
also: Since DUNT is Unalterably
liێd to the B register, and
there is no COrresponding in-
Struction for the c register, we
Will have to make our own--Llike
this:

LD C,08

(dO Something, but don’t
Change C)

DEC Cc

JR NZ,..

Our routine now Looks Like this:

LD B,88

LD C,e@8

{do Something)
j DEC C

JR NZ,..
| INC DE

DUNZ

Bameen

Now for the détaits (mainly

deciding whether we want right

rolls or left rotts!). ReEsume

fe = *+2 and HL = y. Consider
is:

LD A, (DE)
RL A
RR (HL)
INC HL
(loop 8 times)

AS the bits Of the third row of
“R" fCOll Off the A register,
they are put into the left-—most
Places of (Yy), (Y#4), ..., (CY+t7)
Of course the y’S Will be rolled
Several more times to the right
$6 the bits that we have just
imserted Will eventually Find
their way to their proper spots.

After one go of the inner
Loop, HL Will be y+8, s0 we
Can’t start the sécond go
immé€diatety. Ue Could do it
this way:

S606 LD B,88
ES PUSH HL

“2A LD A, (DE)

GE@S LD C,@8

2eFs8 JR NZ,-8

El POP HL

13 INC DE

18F8 DJNZ -16 back to the PUSH
RET Finished

back to “RL A"
S$€t HL =y

When we finish, DE will be x+8,
but HL Will be y. If we wanted

HL tO end at y+8, we could do

it this Way, Popping HL at the
beginning, rather than at the
€nd, Of €ach loop:

8606 LD B,88

ES PUSH HL Put y on stack
Ei POP HL Set HLey and
ES PUSH HL Save yom stack
iA LD A, CHL)

@ESS8 LD C,88

CB1i7 RL A

CBiE RR (HL)

23 INC HL

ec DEC C

2eFs JR NZ,-8

13 INC DE

18F9 DJUNZ -16

Ci POP BC JUETIFY Stack
cs RET done

Now When we leave, DE=x+8,
HL=y+8, and BC=y, & bonus Which
costs us a Little Space and time
but Which Will come in handy
as you’ll sée. OF course the
Final POP is absolutely
necessary because Without i
the Z8Q@ would “return” to t
address at the top of the s
ap

t,
he
tac
Namely y. That would be
Calamitous (unless (y) happe
to be CO --a& 255 to 1 sShot').,

k,
ned

Save HL on stack .

~» The application that follows
Uses this SeCONd version, but
remember we still need & Way of
Feeding this routine the correct
Values Of DE and HL. Notice
also that neither version con-
tains any instructions involving
an abSolute address Within the
routine (all the yumps are
rélative). This means that the
routine will run in the same

Way no matter where in memory
you put it.

. Here is a helpful article
written for you by Dick. In it

he makes use of the techniques

that he talked about in the
Machine Code Tutorial. This is
where we can actually "do
something" with what we have

been learning in the Tutorials.

You might also want to
identify the different parts of
the machine code program = and
where they came from.

The Basic Shown nere uses
three machine code routings at
twist E298 (588a9)
restore E2B6 (58838)
new E2BE (58846)

The one at twist is discussed
in the tutorial. If you Wish
YOU Can replace linés 310 and
420 With

310 POKE 23687,229
420 POKE 23687,608

The routine at twist is a i
Variant of the one in the t
ial. First, we have to s L
that routine With values fF
and HL. This if done at E290
Second, after twisting one Ch
acter we don’t want to return;
Wwe Want to twist all of the G6
Characters in the Timex set.
These Characters are arranged in
@ row in ROM from 3008 to 3FFF
(S648 bytes). Ve twist and move
them to the area between DDae
and DFFF. When the Last charac-
ter iS twisted, HL Will be EQaa.
Ve can USE thiS tG decide
Whether to stop ofr to continue.
The NOP’s were put in only to
Separate the routines for easy
reading--they Shouldn’t be in
your final version, atthough
they won’t hurt. Also, before
the SAVE, you should CLEAR 56575
tO kill the rather large array
d$. You can decide for your-
S€lFf hoW, and With What, to

fill ds.

Cc
QTM sia

This is

Here

the basic program.

f$ (16)
d$(32,64)

twist=S8eae0e
restore=58a38
new=58ad6

fill d¥ With 32 tines
€ach of tength 64,
PUt your program here

ti-

STOP
REM treate the tWitted char

RANDOMIZE USR twist
STOP

REM Lprint ds Eideways
RANDOMIZE USR new

FOR k=1 TO 64

FOR i=17 To 32

LET FS$(SS-i) =adSli,k)

NEXT i
LPRINT 4;
FOR i=i TO 16

LET F$(i7-i} =dSCi i,k)
NEXT i

XT OK
RANDOMIZE USR restore
STOP

SAVE “sideways” LINE 5260
SAVE “Sideways "CODE 58000,5

STOP
CLEAR 56575
LOAD "“"CODE

is the machine code

program.

LD HL,8ODD
LD DE,@@83D
NOP

HL=EQ080 7
af not, do
next char

LD A,3C
LD (375C),A
RET

install old
Char set

imstall new
Char set

=

Fsace bytes
‘COoMputer in ak blocks,

Other

A REVIEW OF THE PSEUDO-AON BOARD
hy Bill Roberts

ok
Rom

KAM
OR
EPRO

Ram
CR
EPRom

RAm
OR
EPRon,

Hiawatha Demby cur resident TSzx
and Vice President has designed 4
Userful board for the Tazx CaNMputers ,
address if: 211 Nature Traxil,>
NC 27705.'I purchased cne af
boards for $33.88, but this

expert
VERY
His
Chapel Hill,

the first
PRICE Mabe

pslighly more or less naw,

tG- add up to
rom’ tas your
The Chips which are
Used are static SLs rane. S€Cause they
are addressed in the 8K to 16K aréa, the
COMPUTEr NEVEr Changes the data in this
region unless you want it to. Ergo

“PSEDO-ROM",

The board has four 24 Fin CIP sackets,
One socket is for the computer ROM. The
other three sockets can be used for either
6116 RAMS of 2715 EPROMS. The board is
connected to the computer by a 24 pin
Cakle (which plugs into the vacant ROM
SOCKEt) anced two other lines. These two
lines are connected to the ALS and
the write lines’ on the computer
Hiawatha has provided two connectors for
this purpose, When these connectors are
uséd, his koard can be renoved from the
COMPUtEr in-about 3 minutes, The board
Fits easily inside the computer case,

The board has battery back-up from a
type 2025¢ Lithium. battery, As long as the
battery supplies POWEr, the contents of
the RAN are preserved. As I understand it,
& FRESH battery Should last between 5
HONths atid a year,

This board allows. you
OF “pseudo

buss.

Iv, use I have Found the board to
CPREerate af promised, Here if & Yyreat
Place to put Mc programs. Hiawatha has a
Set of lower case Characters stared in
this region. ‘You Could design your cwyy
Character cet for James or just about
4angthing your heart desired,

I have my board S€t-UP With one EPROM
ae Prey ammner's Utility EPROM) and 2K oF
_. I like this addition very much atid rate
it at 3.9,

Pale eae) 7
If you have a unused Ts1a0a, a _HEMOTECH
Word PrCCESsScr, oF a MEMCTECH interface

touch
Manor

anid Want to get rid of them, yet in
With me. My address if: RO Tar Heel
Apts., Carrboro, NC 27518,

WORD SINC TL.8
R REVIEW EY
BILL ROBERTS

Word Sinc Il.3 bs P. Hargrave if one OF
the best word processors Ci the market for
x TSZ% computer and the 2@d@ printer! I
got mine from GESANS ASSOCIATES, P.G. Box
452, Randallston, Mb 21133. It took only
tuc weeks for me tc get the cassette by
Bail. NOt bad. I do Ot have experience
with amy other word processors sao I can
not make a Fweeping judgement but my
feeling if that if you have & ee4e

&) An adjustible left

margin control that

Cat be turned an, off,
= oF Changed at will.

Q) An unusually complete set OF apticns.
The menu includes: START NEW, CONTINUE,
LTST, DELETE, MOVE, SEARCH, REPLACE,
PRINT, atid SAVE.

4@)} A Continually up-dated bytes rena iting
counter.

Wow, Io think that covers the high
paints. All if) all Word 3:nc ig €asy to
use. BUt because it is sc versatile, it
will take & While tc be abie to use the

oram to it's fullest. It took me 2
while to get the expanded print for this
review cet—-up correctly.Not through the
fault of Word Sint, I just didn't
understand haw toa set up the expanded
print markers, Just read the instructions
VERY carefully ani you should have TO
problems.

Documentation if goad, not on the
order of ZX/PRO FILE but adequate. Like I
Said before, a few more examples would be
helpful. The booklet is being revised at
this time and I have beer promised a
bocklet when Gesanig gets them in from the
printer. I have high hopes for the new

Could save the program, but not the data.
It would nice to get them both on 4 wafer
because it takes a while to load S+K from
a ta

Word Sinc II.3 can be expanded if
you're lucky enough ta have more thant 16K.
Havitrg only 16K is still not too bad-- it
By Bath has rot failed me the 8000 bytes
left for data Still gives you about 333
lines of 42 Characters. NOt bad at all:

is really nice.
Touch typing if €acy if you have 2 full
size keyboard. The only time I could
overrun the keyboard entry routine (and it
war TOt that easy to do) was when I wat
imerting text inte the middle oF ami
articlé. Room has to be wade in the data
File for the new characters and it takes 2
wnile to do it even in machine Code.

prititer, yOu NEED this program. USE WoveTIcK TC:
‘Perceptive readers have Titiced that -Creste your oun
this review has upper atid lower Cate characters, and
letters. This if avi amazing accomplishment Soe ey eee oS
for a TS 1020, or a ZX Sl for that matter. ——————— 7Se\ 8h ea PUSS
Word Sinc IT.3 is full of unusual and very eo es cee ee
helpful features. Let me list them. ee etGn: « “ee the screen !!!
-Design 4 chars and place
4) The print cut has 42 characters line Pt sAywhere On the screens.
instead oF the usual Se. -Redefine any ofr sll SS user -
defined Characters, © www £
-Save the program, or screen.
-HMerge Pragrarm With your cawm,
-Clear scréen -Copy to Tesade
“COPY ors = sizes to Ss full
3) Full sreen contre] of the cursor and gr aphi Ce esp Oe it te es ah
autowatic scrolling. Uze the AERCO Par IVF. ints
-Mganify a 40) x 3H porti j
4) Right and left margin justufication. et pee ee og pee eek
-Enter Charatter etrings (kB)
5) Automatic repeat on all keys and the -Enter Basic & use any of the
cursor, The repeat speed is adjustable. corns mdt you want-Circle,Oraw
CUO Gr ron 4 wou desire.
6) The keyboard is converted to af J CED eA MOW ge4 05
Typewriter” format. S&H $5.007/NoV RES ALE 7% TAX
; . ; : ‘O : "Curt: : <
7) Expanded print like the title of this] | geewi tare. 7 See See stot
article. : NeYer i
b 315

MULTI-D

TreraqucHe

«" Gne thing I really like if that the
program if almost " Crash proof’. Even if
you get a report cade atid witid UP in BASIC
you don't lose your data. Al] that you
need to d& tO get back to the meni if
enter “GOTO M' or ‘GOTO 16c".

I give WORD SINC II.3 4 solid 4. By tie
way, this article if 3351 bytes long. Just
ae ty cued Like TO KN. :

MULTI-DRAW Zoe &

? Gany wa nd and.
vete Oreo
Aes

>

tle]
a
&

© Wore

*.
CX KS 24

o

Ss

:

Rog
By Stet tse tote tety —

aad el ly Lok Rad Back Bad ad ak ak Pik Bik Bid Pied ih Dk Pia Pid Ph ised
Diy ie Si hia e hate ta ee aes Drea tat rane ne eee ea

3§ hours and hours of funr 3

s
See wete sewer Det

program if really @ good
iom Of graphics producing
° As you can tell From
iew, it is especially

or printed material that
extra kick.

3c enn
miayrod

1
s
v

f
Th

cm
co

is mot going to be
because What you sé&e
Lly What you get.

we rr corr rr

(am >

r

DMODONB, There are a few
é, using color, and some

> ad
in Te
bond
pa PS
?
2
2

a full-size printer, that
t demonstrate.

an Sees Se
are a couple of features
Would be micێ to have:
stance, this pointing

+

i

cannot be moved to other

if

es om the screen,

ould be good to bé

newly defined cha
3
€

© Qt et
ar
amen

in such & Way th
GUld be Placed if th
ser-defined graphics
here if mo thin-line e€
ke
€

INecninine

tch capability.

ddddddddddddddddddddcdodddddddddad
Almost all controt

z
JOYStTICk ( Ao), but Enough oF
this nonsense--try it yourself
for $24.95 from Knighteéed
Computers, 787 Highland St.,
Fulton, NY 13069.

One last comment: it is a big
PlUS FOr a Program, and adds
greatly to its usefulness, When
the author tells you where the
SUbroutines of it are Located.
The author has done this for

MULTI-DRAU 2068.

vex bas vex
ChE Léa ta]

=O68 FIG FORTH
written by

E.A. Worden

distributed by

Haug Wild Software

P.Q. Box 7468

Little Rock, AR 72217

a review by Dick Scoville

It’s good toa
for the 2668 are
SaFP€ar, and aS might be expected
Hawg Uild (aka Garu Smith) is
the first:‘to send Us one for
review. Readers of TSUG know
about Gary Smith--his Forth
newsletter, his ZX Forth and his
e€nthusiastic advocacy of the
Forth language generally.

It SO happens that I too have
been writing & Forth for the
2868 in the tast few MOnths.
iS baseéd on

Se€é€ that Forth’s
beginning to

Threaded Interpretive Languages.
try to describe that book

later issue,
for now here are two pieces of

The point
I’m trying to make Will be

We S€€ What these
do. The word TRY.
Simply prints the numbers from
SF hex ontc the Screen
With Spaces between.
GETSET initializes the
byte BASIC sustem Variable
Callé€d FRAMES to @ a oS. This
System variable, as you know,
iS incremented every 16 ms,
SG Can be used to find out how
tong it takes TRY
The word TIME.

Z8@ FIG-FORTH
HEX ok
TRY 68 @ DOI.
GETSET 8 5C78 ! @ 5c7A CI ; is)

J: TIME. SC78 5C79 SCTA CR Ce .c
Rc@ . cRce. ; Ok

|}: GO GETSET TRY TIME. ; ok

p60 @ie2es¢e4sS678ES9ABCOE

fF F 10 11 12 135 14 15 16 17 18 19
1A_1B 1C 1D 1E 41F 20 21 22 25 2
4 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C Bp 2E

2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
SA_3SB 3C_3D SE 3F 40 41 42 43 4

4°45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 40 4E

4F 5@ 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 53.
SA SB SC 5D SE SF

8

1l.id
LOOP ; ok

7
DC ok
<

OK
TRY 68 @D0O I>.
OK

SPACE LOOP ;
GETSET @ 5C78 ! @ SC7A C!

OK :

: TIME. S5C78 SC79 5SC7A CR Ce .c

R Ce . tr ce... : ak
GO GETSET TRY TIHE.

OK

6]
i2 OK
BASIC

AS YOU can S@e the results are

Strikingly different--7pc ticks
of the flock for Fig against

12 ticks for mine. In decimal

this is 2812 S9agiNSt 18--s time
fatio Of more than 188 to 1.

ThiS illustrates the one big

Shortcoming of Uorden’s Fig-

Forth: its Printing routines

too stow. Entering material

from the keyboard, we see the
Sam€ Problem. You could not

Consider using this Forth for
any réal-time applications that
heed print-outs. It realty is

tOo bad it is g6 Stow, because

Fig has several attractive fea-
tures.

The. €ditor uses 19 Screens
€ach holding 16 lines of 64
Characters. These screens Can
be Saved and Loaded Separately
From the Forth Program, so
extensive Files oF Litt le-used
Forth words (or any hind of
text material) can be built up
and loaded as needed. Judging
by Some Of the words listed, I
SUSPeCt that disScS Can be Used
also, but I have no Wau of kKnow-}
ingG--the documentation Says
very little about it.

‘For the users who like them
there if a table of error mes-—
Bages which however can be dis-
‘@bled if you prefer.

Unlike ZX Forth, none of the
2868 screen-handling words are
imp lemented--no PLOT, no DRAU,
etc. (Come to think of it, how
do you clear the screen?)., -
S€e€ neither NOT nor NOT= on the
List, but maybe I’m not Looking
Carefully enough, because the
word list seems to be very
large.

I don’t like the fact that
Capshift PlUS SpPacebar crashes
YOU back to BASIC, nor do I like
the way NLIST. leaves you with
decimal base even though HEX
has been set.

None Of these objections are
S€rious compared to the first
one. Let’s hope this program
Will create a few more Forth
lovers and that it Will pave the
Wau for a better 20668 version.
Keep searching, Gary, a tot of
US Forth mutS appretiate all
your work.

are

SCREEN—CALC
distributed by

Banta Software

8088 Highwood Way
Orangevale,CA 95442

a review by Dick Scoville

Banta Softwares
CALC i

identty
j has improved on good.
Old Basic because this Program
lets you

1) 6feign Variable hames with-
GUL Using the Word LET,

2) write “fractions” end €xpo-
NMEnts in the Wey You WOoUld
om paper, For Example, in-
St€ad of Writing

LET Y=(X#xX41) (x42)
JOU Now write

2
xX + 1

y J
xX+2

33 integrate Functions

43} do some 9raphing, SUtoma-
tically E£caling Coordinates
and labelling the SxXES,

The price YOU Pau for these
features in MONEY, in time and
ift €ase of GP€ration is 66
great that the Program as 4
WhOoLE seems USELESS and ¢;

1S
ue
Q
c

Aa

a
tn |
+

FE bee em oe
iat ane

mann

lates", that
the formula fF
YGU have JUST
Feature 2)
tG Use: it if ess

ct
QT

it
&@ lot of time to learn how to
h

Program MUSt again a6
Undoing YOuUr work end
it back to 906d old B

Onty one horizonta
be drawn Per Variable,
common Expression like

de C(ivxy 4 (Ley))

(the harmonic mean of x and
hz5 to be Written in almost
USUal Way anyway,
didn’t have time t h
Feature 3) _very Care fut
}vUdging From the amount
the Program takes to ad

€
8.75
Ot
du

Sti

CIF iNt€gration iS implem
Why not Summation?) The
OF the documentation disc
atl FESPONSibi lity For the
TESULtS and Even Euggect tha
you check them USING Gther

ns!

€
WY
L

Variables have been #5Signed?

CUMbEersome and With fewer
OPtions, For instance, You
have to l€arn a NEW way of Writ-
ing FOR-NExT loops,

he Package COMES With a

Créases yoy; FeSPECt for goog
Old Basic,

SEcConp _oork

AT THE QL
Fre-om
YOUR COMPUTER,

July 19e4

THE QL as RELEASED initially was not really
Suitable for business or Pleasure as it had far

1 which has Overcome some of the
criticisms levelled at the firsr QLs, which
were fitted with the FB ROM set.

Those criticisms covered all aspects of the
QL: it was slow, had an unfriendly editor, the
microdrives were Prone to lose files and data,
there was no documentation other than for the
Psion Packages, the network would not allow
integration of Spectrums, the RS232 interface
had bugs in it, microdrive files in a well-used
Cartridge would take on age to load, the key-
board felt a bit clattery with a Sticking enter
key, and so on,

The first improvement to look at is speed,
the new ROM QL’s are quicker and the
following table Bives the benchmark times and
puts them into Perspective by comparing with

other well-known computers,

Amstrad BBC IBM Advance QL-FB QL-AH 2x80
£330 £399 £1570 £400 f400 oOo +
1 410610 = «4.2 10 20 19 15
2 33 34 48 34 60 55 47
3°92 83 11,7 7.4 110 9.4 92
4 96 87 12.2 7.5 10.0 92 9.0
5 10.2 9.2 13.4 8.2 14.0 11.7 12.7
6 19.0 13.9 23.3 14.8 27.0 24.0 25.9
7 30.2 21.9 37.4 23.6 69.0 43.4 39.2
1 34.2 52.0 30.0 26.0 23.0 21.0 NIA

There is no getting away from the fact that
despite all that is said about the QL, com-
paratively speaking, it is slow other than when
performing mathematical calculations, and

‘normally the predominant functions are not
mathematical,

The editor although a substantial improve-
ment over the earlier effort is still not good
enough. A full screen editor is the minimum
requirement for a “next 8eneration” user-
friendly computer, not something that
requires Setting up to Provide anything more
than basic facilities.

There is about 4K of ROM unused, which
makes it hard to understand why a fail screen
editor has not been implemented,

Possible to scroll back up the line,
The loss of data from microdrives was
extremely serious and Previously prevented

me from using the QL in word Processor
mode. This problem was a little mystifying as
the Spectrum microdrives have worked
Perfectly for the last nine months without any
problems,

Fortunately the QL’s (AH version) micro-
drives appear to be working normally without
the problems that were apparent on the very
early FB version of the QL.

The other microdrive problem of program
loading times, is improved slightly by using a
Scatter load technique, but the user is still left
with the distinct impression that the QL is
slower than the Spectrum microdrives. This is
not helped by the frequent microdrive
accessing that takes place while using the
Psion packages,

A problem exists in determining at what
Stage a package is loaded, so I have Provided
the time to load Quill in 9 “ready to start a
new letter” state and the shortest time taken
to load Quill and this article, thar includes
Pre-typing and buffering commands to reduce
the time to a minimum,

Loading times:

QL-FB QL-AH article

Quill 70s 42s 3m 40s
Abacus 77s 38s
Archive 73s 42s
Easel 728 50s
Install-bas 68s 32s (300 lines)

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that. the document could be printed whilst I
worked — it’s just a case of spooling a copy as
a lower priority job. Worst of all, it sends me
back to the beginning of the document when
it is finished.

This document takes over six minutes to
print at 1260 baud on an 80 character per
second printer.

When the part of the document in memory
reaches a certain size, either all or a part is
dumped to microdrive and although while
this occurs the user can still type, nothing
happens on the screen until the drives stop.

The block erase facility is controlled by the
cursor keys which enable the user to
“surround”? the text to be erased.
Unfortunately, if the user overscans the block
to be erased, it does not appear possible to
reduce the size of the text block’to be erased
and the user is forced to ESC and restart or to
complete the erasure and re-enter the text
deleted, but still required.

In spite of what is claimed in the manual, a
default page size of 0 does leave breaks in the
document, at steps of 256 lines, although it
does not number the breaks as pages.

The Quill designers have to make up their
minds as to whether Quill’ will include all the
facilities of the best word processors or try and
produce a more realistic match between
software and hardware in an attempt to obtain
a reasonable level of performance.

If you already have a monitor it probably
will not be compatible with your QL. The
picture will overscan on most monitors and
some TV's. This is a function of the flyback
time and to cover the problem Microvitec are
producing a special QL compatible monitor,

There has been a lot of discussion about the
speed — or lack of it with the QL. This review
is based on the usual set of tests used in all the
reviews I prepare. In this instance, more detail
is given to provide the reader with enough
information to come {9.2 personal view ebout=
the QL,

What appears to be out of keeping with
such an advanced hardware design is the
retrograde step of going back to a line editor to
support a very sophisticated but unfortunately
slow Basic.

That said, it must be conceded that the
hardware represents the ultimate in technical
achievement in the under £400 range and
probably some way beyond.

CHECKREC

a revi eu
Hi awatha Ce

WMiJgTt DATA

4 Butterly Drive
Hauppauge, New York 11788

AS checkbook recard Programs gay

S one af the better Programs I've
zeen. It has all of the features ef ather
mi record programs and includes 3
moiwhatiaon segment. ta compare your
ance ta that on your tan statment,
cutstanding feature aft thos program is
WE abahty to spreadsheet, You can mave

ras 4

iv
pers a}
oO

rougnm 60 entries, each inciuding the
neck number,date written, 30 ward
SCriptiany amcunt, current balance, and
a notation of if the check has Cleared the
cank or not. The intarmation takes up
more than a screen acrass and mare than
a screen verticaly, tut Cy using the
curser keys any section can te scrolled
Into wew,

SYSTEMrMs

Pratiem 1
taken, It runst.on a 16k machine if upoer
SAM 1s cleared, It is an autorun programy,
so after loading the screen tlanks far
atcut 10 seconds and then prompts for
fhe account code of the checks ta be
entered, I persanally think that pragrams
should intorm you when they are going te
clank the screen so the User goes nat

i)
according ta tne date entered or an
- 2

should give you a good
what the program looks like.

The program loads fram tape in
accut 4 ‘minutes and seems ta qwve ne
standard procautions are

EEUME a mislaad or ather prabiem and

stop the run. A warning in the
dcecumentation isn't quite the tame, but!
thats the way mast Sinclair Pragrammers
do it, this program is no exceptian,

mere 3s ne resorting af the entries

wtrey fact. If transactions are ente;:

cut af sequence, then thats the way tne,
stay. Also, I could find no way to correct
a check or depasit entry.

The screen formatting and printed

cuteut loak very pratessional and shaw a
goco deal af wark oan the part af the
Programmer. It gives a goad print cut at
the trancactions entered which 15 quite
useful as you try to recencile your
account, Back up capies
Bre supparted in the software unth ar
without data and tbteath

of the program

auterun upon
loading.

All in all this is a goad program, I
am especially fond af the spreadsneet
facility. Hawever it has a few
shartcammings that I find it hard tea

ower ace found ne sedutsesncte-cthe error.

carrectian and data resoatring problems.
If lover locked them I urge the author ta
call my attention ta ait. I would hike ta
give WMJ another 3 in it's callectian but
a 21s my final assesment, The price is a
Zaving grace te this package. At $10.00
t i a goad program ta get for basic
ecordkeeping, The user may even effect
come at the changes that I nave
mentioned, :

The prompts are good and take yc
trom entry to entry with little gdyfticulty,
AS most check recard Programs this
Program is much more awkward than using
a pocket calculator for the saine task.
But then you can't stare latels an a
calculator! However this program ask far
the check number and date written Tar
each and every checis entered, I would
liked ta nave seen default values used
mere ta make data entry more expedient.
hke same kind of auta increment aft the
check number for example. Depasite are
entered at separate menu selections and
are recorded in the sequence entered,

The following screen copies
idea of

COLOR 2

CHOICE! a Program

by Paul Walton

head eg hE
LL. ENTER CHER.
a oh
Si. ET

TER DEPOSIT.
E

2, JIEW SPREAC SHEET. . Here is a Program by Paul
4. PRINTOUT TRANSACTIONS. alton for the 2068. Type this

Program in and see what it does
for you.

=, RECONCILE ACCOUNT,

1@ REM program ‘c oe

e@ PRINT "I am th ex BESS

ee

25 PRINT

Se PRINT “he re yous B y
ron + Ss iat

25 PRINT

27 INPUT Ag

42 PRINT “Wei: “AS

41 PRINT “Uouid you ike wh ze
3 er INE. a: tae ie S°SShic cs
45 INPUT B

=o . :

pe B

“SS

Ee

Te]
ma)
ir Ay
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esa

me

TON Tn
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a
c =
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1@@ LET ¢=c-«4
12@ IF C>+=@ THEN Go To oe
128 60 SUE 7aaa
i3@ GC SUB saaa
1428 DRA eS 6
158 GO SUE 7aaa
16@ Go SUE gaga -
i?8 DRA BS -5 Ss
16@ 60 SUB Faaa
ISG 60 SUE Saaa
#00 DRAW -5,55
£18 Go SUB Faga
#20 GO SUE Baa
222 CRAL -S5 25-5,
242 60 SUE 7aan
25@ 62 SUB saee
26@ DRAW -S5. on
a it DATA S MS = e7O G0 SUE Faae
PRESS 'M" FSF MENU ais eo SUB oe
PRESS "CC" TO coRREcT 2308 DRAW -iS5-pi .-s5
3@0 GO SUB Faea
218 50 SUE saa
See DRAW Ob, =e
Wo DATA SYSTEMS 0 Be ene sane
CHECKREC] @ 60 SUE saae
S50 DRAW &5,-1S5—-n4
S51 GO SUB éaae
: Dar a a: ms Se =;
S_TEETER-FOR GROCER 55 Te bee aoe
RENT FOR APRETMENT — PRINT aT =

Tid.U.G. CUES

4
Oo Teta

+

=
en

MINUS INSURANCE
ENT FOR FIERO

FSEURDO-ROM BoReo
SIFFIN MEI SHOES
CHECKREC AS As

cg:
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+ COUT EA I Ra
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ier BINT {(ANDS63 +4
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S@20 FETUEH

S82 PRINT mal nee oee “Ag

Bea PRINT “ooy

CALENDER
a Program by
JAMES mMvyvyRIckKk

James Myrick has designed a
really neat little program for
his 781000. He was kind enough
to share it with us. Now after
typing in his Calendar program
you won’t have any excuse for
being late for that date in
1999,

1Q@ REM “CALENDAR

15 PRINT "THIS pPRoOGRAN PRINTS
OUT A CALENDAR =aR ANY YEAR-ANY
MONTH FROM JANUARY, 4713 B.C. TO
RNY YERR IN THE FUTURE (WITHIN
RERSON, OF COURSE) ."
ay PHUSE 23a
CLS
CI
LET
LET

NUARY"!
BRUARY"'
"MARCH"

“MARY '

"JULY"
"AUGUST"
“SEPTEMBER®
="OCTOBER"
=""NOVEMBER"
="DECEMBER"

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Ms
LEN
M=e
LET MsMei4 i
@ IF M>12 THEN PRINT “ERROR I
N INPUT"

THEN GO
18 GO TO 280
220 LET Psa
321 M== THEN GO TO 600

(4=1) OR (m=2) THEN GO T

350 IF ¥¢1582 THEN LET B=0

TO 3¢90

IF
LET B=a@:
L

GO
THEN

'38.60001% (M41) )
2$+V¥4D41720994.5
THE:.JULIAN PATExx
(Ut1. SVS7

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ee
a a
ni
33)
4
t

X=INT (W*#7+4.5)
X=X¢1
48@ REM ##GIVES THE NUMBER OF T
HE DAY OF THE WEEK s+

481 PRINT

484 PRINT

486 PRINT

488 PRINT

-8-

“ ¢ 469 PRINT

oe PRINT TAB T(4).4Ms.TAB T(6)~

uf

495 PRINT

300 PRINT TAB T(1),"S"; TAR T (2)
PAST CO) pe Tap T 44) SUE Se
Peto) a TAB TlGy SES TAR PLZ

’ o

SO@S PRINT

S10 LET o=a

S20 LET O=0+1

S25 IF (M$="ScToBER“) ano (vied
582) AND (O=5) THEN LET O=15

530 IF 0>1(P) THEN Go TO S80
540 PRINT TAB TAX} 303

S50 LET x=x+1

S60 IF X>? THEN LET ye1

S78 GO TO ssa

B00 TF ¢

6 (Y74)-CINT (¥74))=0) AN
D_(¥)1582) THEN Let Oar ds ‘
510 IF ((¥ +180: “(INT (¥ 7108) dey
0) THEN GO TO saa

603 IF ((¥+aaai - INT (Y 7400) )=0
) AND (Y¥>1582! THEN Let L (2) =2a9
636 IF (t¥vrsaai-(rnt €Y 74.00) ) <>.

2)- THEN LET L (2) =28
640 GO Ta 342

700 LET Y=sV-4

710 LET M=N412

728 GO TO 350

Here is a Sample of the program
output,
FEBRUARY i7ee
a 3 a ee" A
i-@2 3 4 65 «
7 & 8 48 43 1e ag
i435 16 17 12 3a 36
2@l 22 23 B4 BE Se 355
Zé eS Re eg
ie 1385
5 mM T WwW fr «& 5
1 2 3 «4
oo eae, 2 Saeed
i219 14 15 16 17 Ys
19°26 21 22 23 24 35
26 27 28 29 3a 31

cde

* 1 1 3. A Sign-up sheet shall be maintained. It shall
contain questions, topics, presentation ideas,
(especially small points), list of speakers, etc.
Possible presenters shall be identified.

The TRIANGLE SINCLAIR USER’S GROUP CONSTITUTION
amended as of September 26,1983 ~~“
The folloving amendments to the constitution have been

2 proposed. The amendments vill be voted on during the December
NOE! meeting. We encourage all: members, who can, to be present and

I. Triangle Sinclair User’s Group

PURPOSE:

1. To encourage the exchange of information, the
communication, and the cooperation amongst its members with
regards to the computers designated as MicroAce, Zx-80, 7zx81,
TS-1000, and other such machines still to be developed or
marketed in the United States. The purposes for which the
Triangle Sinclair User’s Group is organized are exclusively
charitable, scientific, and educational within the meaning of
section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 or the
corresponding provision of any future United States Internal
Revenue Law.

STATUS:

III. The TSUG is a non-profit organization meeting at least
once a month in the Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill area.
Monthly meetings are open to any interested individual, and
are to rotate between the three designated cities. The
benefits of the Organization are open to all who epprove of
its purpose and are dues-paying members. Notwithstanding any
Provisions of th articles, this organization shall not
carry on any other activities not Permitted to be carried on
by an organization exempt from Federal Income Tax under
section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 or the
corresponding provision of any future United States Internal
Revenue Law. In the event of dissolution, the residual assets
of the organization will be turned over to Wake Technical
Institute and Durham Technical Institute (of Wake County and
Durham County, North Carolina) in the event these
Organizations are described in S501(c) (3) of the Internal
Revenue Code at our dissolutions however, in the event they
are not so described, we will Pass our residual assets on to
one or more organizations which themselves are exempt as
organizations described in section 501 (cd (3) and 170) (2) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 or corresponding sections
of any prior or future Internal Revenue Code, or to the
Federal, State, or Tocal government for exclusive public
purpose.

ELECTIONS:

DUES:

MEETI

IV. Elections shall be held in January of each year.

Vv. Dues shall be kept low and services rendered by the group
to its members shall be kept cost effective.

A. Dues shall be set at $10.00, payable semi-annually in
$5.00 portions or payable annually.

B. Dues shall be used to implement the purposes of the
group.

1. Newsletter every month.

2. Minimal advertizing; advertize during the first
couple of months and then rely on word of mouth
cectap TOTO AON a, etme eS th RD

3. Notice of major events.
4. Correspondence, supplies, library files.

S. Data Files: establish three data files in the
three major areas (Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill).
Data files should contain supply information,
trouble-shooting ideas, technical notes, softwar
etc. Magazines will be an important part of the
Data File and shall be purchased once the
@embership stabilizes.

6. Group projects: Speakers and programs, hardware,
software, etc.

7. Membership in other societies.

8. Gifts for meeting presenters.

NGSs

VI. Meetings shall last approximately 1 1/2 hour and shall
consist of a short business section followed by the main body
of the meeting.

A. Announcements of meetings should be posted and make
their appearance at the lowest cost to the group.

i. Raleigh: The Technician, Raleigh News and
Observer, Raleigh Cablevision, WKIX, Circuit City,
Tech Hi-Fi, NCSU Campus radio station, Wake County
Schools, Technical and Business schools in the Wake
County area, Public Libraries.

2. Durham: Durham Moring Herald, WDBS, NCCU radio

{ station, WDNC, WDUR, Circuit City, Tech Hi-Fi,
Durham City Schools, Durham county Schools, Durham
Cable Vision, Public Libraries.

3. Chapel Hills Alert Cable, Village Cable, WUNC,
WXYC, WCHL, Daily Tarheel, Chapel Hill Advertizer,
TV Guide, Village Advocate, Chapel Hill Newspaper,

Spectator, Public Libraries.

B. The membership shall be responsible for the publicity
of the meetings and other events.

C. Busine: section shall be no more than 15-20 minutes
unless the election of officers calls for more time.

D. Main body of Meeting shall implement the purposes of
the group
1. Presentations by @embers——usually three wil) be
given. Nemes of the next @eeting presenter will be
drawn out of a hat. All levels of Presentations are
encour aged.

2. Demonstrations by menmbers, outside groups ofr
persons; every member is expected to participate.

3. Tutorials on techniques, etc.
4. Encourage three levels of program presentations.

E. Ways to haendle varying levels of Computer Literacy
and Technical Proficiency.

1. Probleas to be
stabilizes.

80] ved once membership

2. Presentations should be short and followed by «
Question and Answer Session, then ¢tollowed by a 1m
minute, informal, interest-section (from 1 to.
section-groups, headed by three people designated
by the presenter and/or the officers). The interest
groups shall be designated as Z, X,and ¥.

let their vote be counted.
In section V, article bs

Amend item 1. to read as follows:

“1. To publish a newsletter every month."

Amend item 2. to read as follows:
"2. To do minimal advertizing; advertize our existance during
the first couple of months and then rely on word of mouth.”
Amend item 3. to read as follows:

"3. To give notice of major events."

Amend item 4, to read as follows:
“4. To correspond with other societies and to purchase
Supplies and maintain library files."

Amend item 6. to read as follows:
"6. To promote useful group projects in both software and
hardware,”

Amend item 7. to read as follows:

"7. To establish membership in other societies and encourage
the exchange of newsletters."

Amend item 6. to read as follows:

"8. To purchase Gifts for meeting presenters.”

Add item 9. as follows:

"9. To encourage monthly keynote Speakers and to develop
programs on useful topics.”

BY-LAWS
1. OFFICERS:

A. The officers of the Timex Triangle User’s Group shall be
as follows: President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Secretary,
Membership Secretary, and Editor of the Newsletter,

B. The duties and responsibilities of each officer shall be
as follows:

1. PRESIDENT: Keeps all activites going, superviges all
other officers, and investigates possible ereas of
financial backing for the User’s Group.

2. VICE-PRESIDENT: Acts as a @onthly program
chairperson, may appoint program moderators as need
ari » Fepresents the President in the President’s
absence.

s eeniaeenl
3. TREASURER: manages all User’s Group funds, erranges
the purcha of supplies, sets up budgets for each
section of the User’s Group and any special budget as
required, presents a Monthly Treasurer’s Report and an
Annual Assets Report.

4. SECRETARY: Notifies officers of special meetings,
takes minutes of meeting and presents Monthly
Secretary’s Report, corresponds with members about
User’s Group activities i¢ needed.

S. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: maintains an accurate User's
Group membership list, Reminds members of their dues,
and provides the membership list to the Newsletter
Editor.

6. EDITOR: edits the monthly Newsletter and arranges for
its publication.

C. The Officers shell be assisted in their duties by a Board
of Operatora which will be prominently published in the
Newsletter.

1. Membership on the Board of Operators is by
application to and unanimous acceptance by the Officers.

2. Membership applications for the Board O¢ Operators
should state:

a. The title of the position.

b. The nature of the position.

c. The extent of service to the User's Group,

3. Membership on the Board of Operators is granted for a
term of six (6) months and is renewable.

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G. RUSSELL ELECTRONICS

RD 1 © Box 539 © Centre Hall, PA 16828
814-364-1325 Mastercard/Visa 1Oam-8em Check/MO

Triangle Sinclair

User*+s Group
c/o Douglass Dewey
206 James St.
Carrboro, NC 27510

Pes

a 4g OF

"NONPROFIT ORG
“U.S.POSTAGE —
PAID

PP nck ay

PERMIT NO.83